2024년 고3 모의고사 유형별 정리(문장 삽입)-학생용 교사용

모의고사 유형별 정리(문장 삽입)- 학생용 교사용

모의고사 기출문제를 유형별로 분류해서 학습하는데 도움이 되고자 만들었습니다.

 

학생들 모의고사 문제 푸는 방법 연습할때 유용합니다.(첨부파일 한글파일 참고)

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

But in the future, real­time data collection will enable insurance companies to charge pay­as­you­drive rates depending on people’s actual behavior on the road, as opposed to generalized stereotypes of certain “at­risk” groups.

 

Insurance companies are expected to err on the safe side. They calculate risks thoroughly, carefully picking and choosing the customers they insure. They are boring because their role in the economy is to shield everyone and everything from disastrous loss. ( ① ) Unlike manufacturing, nothing truly revolutionary ever happens in the insurance industry. ( ② ) For centuries, insurers have charged higher premiums to people in “high­risk categories” such as smokers, male drivers under the age of thirty, and extreme­sports enthusiasts. ( ③ ) This type of classification frequently results in biases and outright discrimination against disadvantaged groups. ( ④ ) Bad or high­risk individual drivers will end up paying more for insurance, regardless of whether they are men or women, young or old. ( ⑤ ) The Big Brother connotations are threatening, but many people might agree to the real­time monitoring of their driving behavior if it means lower rates.

*err on the safe side: 너무 만전(萬全)을 기하다

 

 

  

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

This stands in contrast to earlier figurative art, which had been as focused on representing what the artist knew about the objects and the space he or she was painting as on how they looked.

 

Almost all the figurative paintings we are familiar with now are in perspective. They present foreshortened figures and objects that diminish as they move away from the focal point of the painting. ( ① ) A painting in perspective represents how the world looks to a person seeing the scene from a particular position in space. ( ② ) These pictures are beautiful in their own right, but they do not represent scenes as we might see them if we were looking at them. ( ③ ) They are also less informative as to the layout of the space they represent. ( ④ ) The fact that perspective and information about spatial layout go together reveals something important about seeing. ( ⑤ ) Not only do we see the world through an egocentric frame but we also see it in a way that allows us to extract information about distances to, and sizes of, objects relative to us, and relative to one another.

*perspective: 원근법, 시점

**foreshorten: (회화·사진에서 대상을) 축소하다

 

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

The norms of objectivity were constructed not because their creators thought most humans could be ‘empty’ of bias.

 

Emotional response to the world is an inherent part of ethics. In ethics, appeals to compassion and empathy can and should be part of rational arguments about ethical decisions. Moreover, the best practices of objectivity often combine partiality and impartiality. ( ① ) In a trial, the partiality of the prosecutor and the defense attorney (and the parties they represent) occurs within a larger impartial context. ( ② ) A judge or jury puts partial arguments to the test of objective evidence and to the impartial rules of law. ( ③ ) Ideally, what is fair and objective emerges during a trial where partialities make their case and are judged by objective norms. ( ④ ) The reverse is true: the norms were constructed because of an acute awareness of human bias, because it is evident. ( ⑤ ) Rather than conclude that objectivity is impossible because bias is universal, scientists, journalists, and others concluded the opposite: we biased humans need the discipline of objectivity to reduce the ineliminable presence of bias.

*prosecutor: 검사(檢事), 검찰관

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. [3점]

Cats ‘pay’ for this nighttime accuracy with less accurate daytime vision and an inability to focus on close objects.

 

The fact that cats’ eyes glow in the dark is part of their enhanced light-gathering efficiency; there is a reflective layer behind the retina, so light can hit the retina when it enters the eye, or when it is reflected from behind the retina. ( ① ) Light that manages to miss the retina exits the eye and creates that ghostly glow. ( ② ) When cats’ light-gathering ability is combined with the very large population of rods in their eyes, the result is a predator that can see exceptionally well in the dark. ( ③ ) This may seem counterproductive; what is the point of seeing a mouse in the dark if, in that final, close moment, the cat can’t focus on it? ( ④ ) Tactile information comes into play at this time; cats can move their whiskers forward and use them to get information about objects within the grasp of their jaws. ( ⑤ ) So the next time you see a cat seeming to nap in the bright sunlight, eyes half-closed, remember that it may simply be shielding its retina from a surplus of light.

*rod: (시신경의) 간상체(杆狀體) **tactile: 촉각의

***whisker: (고양이의) 수염

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

Continuous emissions measurement can be costly, particularly where there are many separate sources of emissions, and for many pollution problems this may be a major disincentive to direct taxation of emissions.

 

Environmental taxes based directly on measured emissions can, in principle, be very precisely targeted to the policy’s environmental objectives. ( ① ) If a firm pollutes more, it pays additional tax directly in proportion to the rise in emissions. ( ② ) The polluter thus has an incentive to reduce emissions in any manner that is less costly per unit of abatement than the tax on each unit of residual emissions. ( ③ ) The great attraction of basing the tax directly on measured emissions is that the actions the polluter can take to reduce tax liability are actions that also reduce emissions. ( ④ ) Nevertheless, the technologies available for monitoring the concentrations and flows of particular substances in waste discharges have been developing rapidly. ( ⑤ ) In the future, it may be possible to think of taxing measured emissions in a wider range of applications.

*abatement: 감소 **liability: 부담액

 

 

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. [3점]

This active involvement provides a basis for depth of aesthetic processing and reflection on the meaning of the work.

 

There are interesting trade-offs in the relative importance of subject matter (i.e., figure) and style (i.e., background). ( ① ) In highly representational paintings, plays, or stories, the focus is on subject matter that resembles everyday life and the role of background style is to facilitate the construction of mental models. ( ② ) Feelings of pleasure and uncertainty carry the viewer along to the conclusion of the piece. ( ③ ) In highly expressionist works, novel stylistic devices work in an inharmonious manner against the subject matter thereby creating a disquieting atmosphere. ( ④ ) Thus, when the work is less “readable” (or easily interpreted), its departure from conventional forms reminds the viewer or reader that an “aesthetic attitude” is needed to appreciate the whole episode. ( ⑤ ) An ability to switch between the “pragmatic attitude” of everyday life and an “aesthetic attitude” is fundamental to a balanced life.

*aesthetic: 미학의 **pragmatic: 실용주의의

 

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

Following this pathway, we act altruistically when we feel empathy for a person and can truly imagine a situation from their perspective.

 

Prosocial behavior—that is, behavior that is intended to help another person—can be motivated by two different pathways, according to Daniel Batson at the University of Kansas. ( ① ) One pathway, the egoistic pathway, is largely self­focused: we provide help if the rewards to us outweigh the costs. ( ② ) This pathway is the one that is operating if we hand a homeless person a dollar to make ourselves feel better. ( ③ ) Doing so costs us very little—only a dollar—and the reward of doing so—avoiding the guilt we’d feel from simply walking by—is greater. ( ④ ) But according to Batson’s hypothesis, there is another pathway, which is other­focused—it’s motivated by a genuine desire to help the other person, even if we incur a cost for doing so. ( ⑤ ) This ability to see the world from someone else’s perspective can lead us to help, even if there are considerable costs.

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

Without the anchor of intrinsic motivation however, even a small bump in the road may reset you back; we may go back to eating meat in February when the social support has disappeared.

 

Our behaviour can be modified externally without there being strong personal motivation. Everything from our supermarket shopping and online browsing choices are examples of how our actions are shaped without our conscious choice or motivation. ( ① ) However, when processes police us but fail to truly influence us, we do not continue with the behaviours after the processes are removed. ( ② ) This is passive engagement rather than ownership. ( ③ ) A better way in which we can be externally supported to take action is by having friends who encourage us. ( ④ ) You may not be sold on going vegan, but yet give veganism a try at the start of the year because some of your friends suggest you do it together. ( ⑤ ) Resonance helps us connect to our internal motivation to change rather than being ‘pushed’ from the outside, and in turn helps us form a habit, where our self­concept makes a shift from ‘someone who does not like cycling’ to ‘someone who cycles’.

*resonance: 울림, 의의

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

If not, the robot might endlessly chase itself rather than the blocks.

 

People involved in the conception and engineering of robots designed to perceive and act know how fundamental is the ability to discriminate oneself from other entities in the environment. Without such an ability, no goal-oriented action would be possible. ( ① ) Imagine that you have to build a robot able to search for blocks scattered in a room in order to pile them. ( ② ) Even this simple task would require that your machine be able to discriminate between stimulation that originates from its own machinery and stimulation that originates from the blocks in the environment. ( ③ ) Suppose that you equip your robot with an artificial eye and an artificial arm to detect, grab, and pile the blocks. ( ④ ) To be successful, your machine will have to have some built-in system enabling it to discriminate between the detection of a block and the detection of its own arm. ( ⑤ ) Your robot would engage in circular, self-centered acts that would drive it away from the target or external goal.

*entity: 실재물(物)

 

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. [3점]

Unfortunately, at the scales, accuracy, and precision most useful to protected area management, the future not only promises to be unprecedented, but it also promises to be unpredictable.

 

To decide whether and how to intervene in ecosystems, protected area managers normally need a reasonably clear idea of what future ecosystems would be like if they did not intervene. ( ① ) Management practices usually involve defining a more desirable future condition and implementing management actions designed to push or guide ecosystems toward that condition. ( ② ) Managers need confidence in the likely outcomes of their interventions. ( ③ ) This traditional and inherently logical approach requires a high degree of predictive ability, and predictions must be developed at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, often localized and near-term. ( ④ ) To illustrate this, consider the uncertainties involved in predicting climatic changes, how ecosystems are likely to respond to climatic changes, and the likely efficacy of actions that might be taken to counter adverse effects of climatic changes. ( ⑤ ) Comparable uncertainties surround the nature and magnitude of future changes in other ecosystem stressors.

*adverse: 해로운 **magnitude: 크기

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. [3점]

But what if memories about news stories are faulty and distort, forget, or invent what was actually reported?

 

Memory often plays tricks. ( ① ) According to Mlodinow, we give “unwarranted importance to memories that are the most vivid and hence most available for retrieval—our memory makes it easy to remember the events that are unusual and striking not the many events that are normal and dull.” ( ② ) The self-serving bias works because, as Trivers observes, “There are also many processes of memory that can be biased to produce welcome results. Memories are continually distorting in self-serving ways.” ( ③ ) A recent study argues that several forms of cognitive bias cause distortions in storing and retrieving memories. ( ④ ) This, in turn, has a bearing on theories of agenda setting, priming, and framing, which argue that how people respond to the news is strongly influenced by what is most easily and readily accessible from their memories. ( ⑤ ) In such cases, it may be the manipulation of memories in individual minds that primes, frames, and sets the agenda, not the original news stories.

*retrieval: 불러오기

**have a bearing on: ~에 영향을 미치다

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

We are also able to use the cerebellum to anticipate what our actions would be even if we don’t actually take them.

 

One way to catch a fly ball is to solve all the differential equations governing the ball’s trajectory as well as your own movements and at the same time reposition your body based on those solutions. ( ① ) Unfortunately, you don’t have a differential equation-solving device in your brain, so instead you solve a simpler problem: how to place the glove most effectively between the ball and your body. ( ② ) The cerebellum assumes that your hand and the ball should appear in similar relative positions for each catch. ( ③ ) So, if the ball is dropping too fast and your hand appears to be going too slowly, it will direct your hand to move more quickly to match the familiar relative position. ( ④ ) These simple actions by the cerebellum to map sensory inputs onto muscle movements enable us to catch the ball without solving any differential equations. ( ⑤ ) Your cerebellum might tell you that you could catch the ball but you’re likely to crash into another player, so maybe you should not take this action.

*cerebellum: 소뇌 **differential equation: 미분 방정식 ***trajectory: 궤적

 

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. [3점]

Without any special legal protection for trade secrets, however, the secretive inventor risks that an employee or contractor will disclose the proprietary information.

 

Trade secret law aims to promote innovation, although it accomplishes this objective in a very different manner than patent protection. ( ① ) Notwithstanding the advantages of obtaining a patent, many innovators prefer to protect their innovation through secrecy. ( ② ) They may believe that the cost and delay of seeking a patent are too great or that secrecy better protects their investment and increases their profit. ( ③ ) They might also believe that the invention can best be utilized over a longer period of time than a patent would allow. ( ④ ) Once the idea is released, it will be “free as the air” under the background norms of a free market economy. ( ⑤ ) Such a predicament would lead any inventor seeking to rely upon secrecy to spend an inordinate amount of resources building high and impassable fences around their research facilities and greatly limiting the number of people with access to the proprietary information.

*patent: 특허 **predicament: 곤경

 

 

 

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글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

In reality, objects do not conform to a linear lifecycle model; instead, they undergo breakdowns, await repairs, are stored away, or find themselves relegated to the basement, only to be rediscovered and repurposed later.

 

By their very nature, the concepts of maintenance and repair are predominantly examined from a process-oriented perspective. ( ① ) The focus in related scholarly discourse often revolves around the lifespan or lifecycle of objects and technologies. ( ② ) In this context, maintenance and repair are considered practices that have the potential to prolong the existence of objects, ensuring their sustained utilization over an extended period. ( ③ ) Krebs and Weber critically engage with anthropomorphic metaphors that imply a biography of things, appropriately highlighting that conventional understanding of the lifecycle of a technology, from its acquisition to its disposal from the household, provides an incomplete definition. ( ④ ) Additionally, objects may enter recycling or second-hand cycles, leading to a dynamic afterlife marked by diverse applications. ( ⑤ ) As such, the life of an object exhibits a far more complicated and adaptive path than a simplistic linear progression.

*relegate: 추방하다 **anthropomorphic: 의인화된

 

 

 첨부파일 확인하기 전에 하트(공감) 눌러주세요`~

 

고3-[2024년 모의고사 유형별] 문장삽입(학생용).hwp

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고3-[2024년 모의고사 유형별] 문장삽입(교사용).hwp

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